Micosis of nails on the legs - symptoms and treatment

Failure mycosis is an infection that is accompanied by a cosmetic defect and a number of clinical symptoms.Pathological changes relate to the stratum layer of the skin and nail plate.The causative agent of mycoses are representatives of the lower class - fungi.The infectious process is dangerous not only to the patient himself, but also by the loved ones around him.How to prevent mycosis of nails and getting rid of infection will be discussed.

Micosis of the nails on the legs - what is it?

The legs on the legs are called ONYCHOMYCOSIS, and refers to a special classification of diseases.Recently, complaints about the infection have grown several times.Doctors associate this indicator with unhealthy ecology.

ONYCHOMYCOSIS is a disease in which the structure of the nail plate and the epidermal layer is disturbed.The surrounding fabrics (skin roller) are involved in the pathological process.The nail is arranged in such a way that the cells are closely pressed against each other, forming a dense surface.Under the nail plate, matrix and blood vessels, encircling the bone phalanx are laid.The upper layer is represented by hyponichia, and at the base of the nail there is eponichia.With mycosis of the nail, the pathogen affects the lower layers of the nail up to the matrix.At the same time, dividing cells destroy keratocytes and the nail plate becomes thinned and brittle.Onychomycosis, in the absence of treatment, is accompanied by various complications, and is difficult to give in to modern therapy.

A little more than 50 types of fungal infections that are dangerous to humans are known.All of them have various morphological features and parasitic stages.In order to finally identify the pathogen, a mandatory microscopic examination is carried out.

Nails on the legs are necessary to protect the soft parts of the fingers from injuries.Fashionistas paint nails in different colors, so mycosis is also considered a cosmetic defect.With ONYCHOMYCOSIS, the appearance of the nail becomes worse.The nail plates burst, break and completely destroy.The disease provokes an exacerbation of chronic systemic pathologies.

Having penetrated the layer of the nail, the causative agent begins to actively share, releasing new and new micelius threads.Due to the air deficiency, mycelium applies to healthy areas of the nail and skin.The disease should be diagnosed and treated.

Types of the disease

Several types of pathogen are distinguished, which affect the legs on the legs.Classify parasites according to morphological features and clinical signs.

1. Trichophyte is red - a fungus that has a branching and disputes on the threads of mycelium.The localization of the process falls on the epidermis, gross (keratinized) parts of the cells.A specific feature of the damage to the red Trichophyton is the strictness of fabrics.Light spots and stripes are disparate, and then merge.In the thickness of the skin cells, mycelium is compacted, stretched and forms disputes that can withstand methods of various treatment.When staining the drug of the nail in a microscope, the structure of trichofiton is clearly visible.
2. Epidermophyte is flap -shaped - microorganism that causes mycosis of nails on the legs in the form of peeling of the skin, itching of inter -back space and stratification of the nail.Unlike trichophyton, epidermophyton grows in several directions of their spore cell, so the localization of the process is blurry.Mycelium of various thicknesses: from delicate thin to wide and short.When studying a microscopic drug, spores and part of mycelium are compared with flakes.Infection of epidermophyte is accompanied by a change in the pigmentation of the nail and its gradual destruction.The infectious process begins both from the edge of the nail plate and from its base.In addition to the yellowness of the nail plate of patients, increased dryness and rapid keratinization are worried.
3. Mentagrofitest is one of the bright representatives of Trichophyton.It is less common, it affects the skin of the feet, the nail rollers of the legs and the nail plate itself.The causative agent penetrates into the lower layers and is able to reach the submarine epidermis - matrix.Causes a seal of the stratum corneum and coarse of delicate parts of the nail.Statistics show that almost 20 % of fungal infection falls on trichophyton mentagrofitest, 80 % is trichophyte Rubrum.Onychomycosis caused by Mentagrophytes contributes to the development of allergies, the formation of vesicles and bubbles of the affected epidermis.
4. Trichophyte Rubrum is a stable microorganism to external factors, but more often it affects the skin of the legs.The causative agent for a long time is on the insoles of the patient's shoes and socks.In most cases, it is found together with other representatives of ONYCHOMYCOSIS.

5. Yeast microorganisms are most famous as candidate.Candidiasis is found on nails, skin and mucous layers.With mycosis of nails, candidates causes specific symptoms and various degrees of destruction of keercites.After conducting research, scientists came to the conclusion that candidate rarely becomes the main cause of mycosis, however, against the backdrop of a decrease in local immunity, the fungus is introduced into microtrauma of the nail and “dissolves” disputes.The fungus of the fungus is long, thin, branched.In a microscopic increase, skein of mycelium and many disputes are found.Onychomycosis caused by candida is accompanied by the formation of wounds, a change in the shape and color of the nail.Candida parapsilosis is one of the types of candidiasis.A noteworthy feature of the disease is the primary formation of a dark spot on the surface of the nail.In the future, the spot increases - the nail becomes fragile and moves away from the matrix.
6. Skopulariopsis is a less common type of nail mycosis.Similar to candidiasis, but also has significant differences in morphology.Black small dots appear on the surface of the nail plate.In the thickness of the nail, the formation is much wider and darker.The spread of points leads to relaxation and destruction of the nail.

The species features of the pathogen contribute to the correct diagnosis of the disease.However, to make a final diagnosis, it is not enough to know the clinical features of the infection.For this, the pathogen should be differentiated.

Causes

The main reason for ONYCHOMYCOSIS is the penetration of the fungus into keratocytes or epidermis.This process arises for the following reasons:

• a weakened immune system due to prolonged use of antibacterial drugs (general and local action);

• Direct contact with infection: common household items, visiting pools or public saunas;
• the presence of chronic diseases of the endocrine system and thyroid gland;
• Systemic pathologies of the veins of the extremities: thrombosis, atherosclerosis, varicose extension, tendency to thrombophlebitis;
• herpetic infection that contributes to the fall of the body's defenses;
• gastrointestinal diseases and muscle pathologies;
• age -related changes.

Nail mycosis can be the result of incorrectly selected shoes and underwear.

Pay attention!Wearing socks of synthetic quality leads to air deficiency, which creates the "soil" for the propagation of mycoses.

Close shoes and shoes are not seasonally, the absence of legs hygiene and the use of manicure common tools often leads to ONYCHOMYCOSIS compared to chronic diseases.

Symptoms

You can suspect mycosis of nails in the presence of such signs as:

1. Small itching and burning.
2. Peeling of the skin and redness of the interdigital space.
3. The tightening of the nail and the appearance on the surface of small points, cracks or strictness.
4. An unpleasant odor and soreness appears with effort on the toes (when running, walking or shoes).

Pathology develops rapidly, and after a minor time the patient is concerned about fragility, relaxation and pigmentation of the plate.In the absence of treatment, a yellow-green or dark brown tint appears, roller hyperemia, burning of the epidermis and the disappearance of the gloss of the nail.All these signs indicate various degrees of damage to the nail.

The degree of damage to the legs on the legs

The fungus of nails on the legs is classified according to the degree of intensity of clinical signs.There are only three degrees of pathology:

• Initial or normotrophic degree.The focus of infection falls on the extreme fingers.The plate has a slight stratification or light pigmentation.
• Hypertrophic degree is characterized by the development of clinical signs.Patients note soreness, increased sweating and the presence of unpleasant odor.The nail is compacted and colorful.
• Atrophic degree is the most dangerous form of pathology, since all layers of the nail and matrix are involved in the pathological process.Atrophic changes are captured by nearby parts of the skin and a roller.Due to significant destruction, the risk of bacterial infection and the development of purulent processes increases.Processing of treatment can lead to sepsis or bacteria.

The type of ailment is extremely important for a doctor, as it allows you to determine the treatment method and prevent complications.

DIAGNOSTICS

Diagnostics or mycologists are engaged in diagnostics, as well as the treatment of the disease.To confirm the diagnosis, special studies are carried out:

• microscopic study of part of the nail or scraping;
• sowing for nutrient media for the growth of the pathogen and selection of therapy;
• Histological study of the drug of the skin to assess the degree of severity.

The doctor conducts an external examination, collects the patient’s history and his complaints.If necessary, it recommends taking a general blood test.

Diagnostic manipulations take some time, because part of the nail is placed in special solutions to dissolve cellular elements and studying the pathogen morphology.It is impossible to make a diagnosis only by external signs, we can only assume a pathogenic pathogen.

After thorough diagnosis and assessment of the severity of the disease, the treatment method is determined.

Treatment of mycosis of nails on the legs

Therapy of mycosis of nails on the legs depends on the condition of the patient and the degree of destruction of the nail plate.The main goal of treating nail mycosis is the complete disposal of the patient from the pathogen and persistent relapse.Tactics of treatment and the method of therapy are determined by the doctor.

Medication

The most common treatment method is the use of drugs.The following groups of pharmaceuticals are used in therapy:

• Paulines are tablets that destroy the DNA of the parasite and its mycelium.It is recommended to receive funds for at least 14 days.
• Azols are drugs that inhibit the growth of pathogenic agents and prevent their reproduction.
• Alllamins are long -acting drugs used in advanced stages.Due to the minimum of contraindications, drugs are successful.

The above drugs have several dosage forms: tablets, capsules, creams and sprays.Antifungal drug therapy is carried out both from the inside and outside.The course of treatment is determined by the doctor.In addition to specific means, antiseptic solutions for washing, antibiotics and wound healing are prescribed.Doctors advise gradually getting rid of the affected plate: cut or cut the edges, use a special patch.

Surgery

If conservative treatment did not give positive results, then they resort to surgery.The intervention is carried out using laser rays to suppress the growth of pathogenic microflora.The procedure is carried out in several stages.

Traditional medicine

Non -traditional recipes are used to rinse wounds and increase local immunity.It is impossible to eliminate the fungus with folk methods, but it is possible to weaken the pathogen of mycosis.

1. The most famous and common method is baths and compresses with tar soap.
2. Famous baths with sodium bicarbonate and salt - eliminate bacteria and exert antiseptic properties.
3. Lemon juice and propolis.The nail is lubricated with juice, and a compress is prepared from propolis.
4. Celandine juice and vinegar diluted with water.
5. Lotions from iodine.

Folk methods are used along with drug treatment, however, to prevent complications, non -traditional methods of treatment with a doctor should be coordinated.

Prevention

Preventive measures can avoid infection and reduce the risk of relapse of the disease.The patient should eat properly, observe hygiene of the legs, do not put on someone else's shoes or use a common towel.When visiting saunas or pools, put on personal rubber slippers and rinse them thoroughly at home.

Mycosis of the nails of the legs is an unpleasant and dangerous disease.The infection can penetrate into deeper layers and impress the nail plate and matrix.It is easier to prevent the disease than to treat, but when infected, the patient should seek as soon as possible for qualified help.Special creams, varnishes and tablets allow you to stop the growth of mycelium and destroy the cell wall.It is important to understand that the treatment is long, so you should wait for the therapeutic effect no earlier than after 3 weeks.